Articles
Russia’s Shoigu Warns of “Dirty Bomb” Provocation
Russia has again waved the nuclear blackmail, a strategy that the Kremlin has followed since it invaded Ukraine. The Kremlin now claims that Ukraine could stage a false flag operation by detonating a dirty bomb.
Russian, Ukrainian Troops Brace For Battle In Kherson
Russia seems unlikely to expose thousands of its troops on the western bank of the Dnieper River and thus will possibly exit the right bank of the Dnieper River in the southern Kherson region. In the past few weeks, Ukrainian forces have won a considerable advantage in the region, where the occupier is doomed to fail whatever its military will do next. Sergey Surovikin, who commands the southern group of Russian troops in the war against Ukraine, told Vladimir Putin that the defense of Kherson could deliver a severe blow to Russian forces.
More Than Home Army Soldiers: Various Concepts of Independence Struggle After 1939 Defensive War. The Biographies of Irena Iłłakowiczowa and Klementyna Mańkowska pt.3
This article discusses the Military Organization Lizard Union (Organizacja Wojskowa Związek Jaszczurczy, OW ZJ) and the Musketeers (Muszkieterzy)––Poland’s World War II resistance movement that both fought Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, albeit are little known to the public. This paper also recounts the biographies of two Polish female intelligence officers––Irena Iłłakowiczowa and Klementyna Mańkowska. The author attempted to depict varying ways to fight for freedom while not giving any hasty assessment.
More Than Home Army Soldiers: Various Concepts of Independence Struggle After 1939 Defensive War. The Biographies of Irena Iłłakowiczowa and Klementyna Mańkowska pt.2
This article discusses the Military Organization Lizard Union (Organizacja Wojskowa Związek Jaszczurczy, OW ZJ) and the Musketeers (Muszkieterzy)––Poland’s World War II resistance movement that both fought Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, albeit are little known to the public. This paper also recounts the biographies of two Polish female intelligence officers––Irena Iłłakowiczowa and Klementyna Mańkowska. The author attempted to depict varying ways to fight for freedom while not giving any hasty assessment.
More Than Home Army Soldiers: Various Concepts of Independence Struggle After 1939 Defensive War. The Biographies of Irena Iłłakowiczowa and Klementyna Mańkowska pt.1
This article discusses the Military Organization Lizard Union (Organizacja Wojskowa Związek Jaszczurczy, OW ZJ) and the Musketeers (Muszkieterzy)––Poland’s World War II resistance movement that both fought Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, albeit are little known to the public. This paper also recounts the biographies of two Polish female intelligence officers––Irena Iłłakowiczowa and Klementyna Mańkowska. The author attempted to depict varying ways to fight for freedom while not giving any hasty assessment.
New U.S. Arctic Strategy: A new field of rivalry between superpowers?
The Arctic is home to more than four million people. Despite its low population densities, the Arctic has strategic importance due to its extensive natural resources and military context. The Biden administration has pursued a comprehensive foreign policy, as evidenced by its new Arctic strategy seeking to grant Washington an advantage over other Arctic claimant nations.
A Greek Tragedy of the Warsaw Uprising
While discussing the Warsaw Uprising, we must think of both how heroic Warsaw insurgents and residents were at that time and that the city was razed to the ground. Its cultural legacy was destroyed while many people perished. Not only was the Warsaw Uprising a failed military effort, but it also stood for the biggest tragedy the Polish nation ever suffered. A particular feature now is the nationwide consciousness from which we all draw today. Poles have long tended to mark historical remembrance to honor national heroes, which is praiseworthy. And yet, all damages Warsaw sustained at that time were just gigantic. Józef Wiłkomirski, a Polish composer and Home Army soldier who fought in the uprising, recalled once that among those 200,000 people killed in the uprising was the flower of the Warsaw youth. These young people, he said, would have served a major role in rebuilding the war-ravaged country.
Russia Suspends Partial Mobilization
Russia would fail to complete two tasks, by going ahead with the “partial mobilization” and drafting new conscripts later this fall. Thus, the mobilization was suspended temporarily. A total of 420,000 people were drafted over one month.
Home Army Liquidation Operations
Poland’s Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK), a major resistance movement in the Nazi-occupied country, conducted a series of liquidation operations targeting Nazi officials–– an act of revenge for oppressing the Polish population.
Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland
Although World War II ended the period of Poland being home to many faiths, the country was essentially Catholic-dominated before the war broke out. The 1931 census found that 65 percent of Poland’s prewar population declared themselves Catholic. Thus, this article depicts the Catholic Church in Nazi-occupied Poland while reviewing some attitudes the Polish clergy would adopt at that time.
Austria sees the Three Seas Initiative as a useful format and expects to benefit from its membership
Austria has been a supporter of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) from its very start in 2016. Even though Austria’s economic development and infrastructure are more advanced compared to the other member states of the Initiative, the country expects to profit from its membership economically but also politically.
The Indomitable: Colonel Łukasz Ciepliński’s Fight for Poland’s Freedom pt. 2
In September 1945, Łukasz Ciepliński became chairman of the Cracow District of Freedom and Independence Association (Polish: Zrzeszenie Wolność i Niezawisłość, or WiN), where he continued to make use of his excellent organizational skills. The activities of the Polish underground after May 8, 1945, resembled those of earlier years only to some extent.
Russian Troops Retreat From Ukrainian Front Line
Russia’s mass-scale guided and drone strikes have not changed the situation in Ukraine. The Russian military is exploiting its scarce stockpile of cruise and short-range missiles. The Ukrainian army has maintained the momentum on land since late August and Russian forces are unlikely to take the lead anytime soon.
Józef Unrug – An Adamant Admiral
Józef Unrug was a brilliant navy commander and founder of Poland’s Navy he purchased a ship for. Despite his German roots, he renounced his ties to German, claiming he “forgot to speak German,” after the German invasion of Poland.
